NVOCC (Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier)
An NVOCC is a carrier that sells ocean transport under its own bill of lading and tariff, without operating any vessel: it buys slots wholesale from the shipping lines and resells them to shippers. Toward the customer it assumes carrier liability; toward the shipping line it acts as the shipper.
The model, formalized by US regulation, is central to consolidation markets: most LCL groupage operators and many large forwarding groups run NVOCC operations.
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