A berth is the designated location alongside a quay or pier where a vessel moors to load and unload cargo. Berth availability is one of the main constraints on port capacity: when all berths suited to a vessel's size and cargo type are occupied, arriving ships wait at anchorage, which is the visible symptom of port congestion.
Berthing windows are typically negotiated between carriers and terminal operators. Berth productivity — container moves per hour at the quay — is a key indicator when comparing port performance.
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